Niger has taken a major step in shaping its future by replacing French with Hausa as its national language. This decision, made official in a government charter published on 31 March, marks a shift towards self-definition and away from colonial influence.
“The national language is Hausa,” the charter states. French and English remain “the working languages,” primarily for diplomacy and administration. However, in daily life, from hospitals in Zinder to offices in Niamey, Hausa is now the voice of public interaction.
Hausa is widely spoken across the country, especially in central and southern regions like Maradi and Tahoua. More than 80% of the population speak the language. In contrast, only about 13% understand French.
The document also names nine other local languages — including Zarma-Songhay, Fula, and Kanuri — as “the spoken languages of Niger,” recognising the country’s linguistic diversity.
This decision follows growing tensions with France. Since the military takeover in July 2023, Niger has cut ties with its former colonial power. French troops have left, and French-named streets have been renamed. Along with Mali and Burkina Faso, Niger has exited the Organisation Internationale de la Francophonie, carving out a new path for its people and identity